Poly Aluminium Chloride

Water is essential for life, and its purification is a critical global challenge. Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) has emerged as a highly effective and versatile water treatment chemical, playing a vital role in ensuring access to clean and safe water. This article provides a comprehensive overview of PAC, its properties, applications, benefits, and manufacturing process.

What is PAC?

Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) is a group of aluminium chlorohydrates with the general formula [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m. This polymeric inorganic coagulant finds extensive use in the treatment of water and wastewater. PAC is available in various forms, including powder, liquid, and granular, with varying basicity and aluminium content.

Properties of PAC:

• High Coagulation Efficiency: The negative charges of suspended particles in water are efficiently neutralised with PAC, which causes the particles to clump together (coagulate) and form bigger flocs.
• Wide pH Range: PAC is more effective across a wider pH range than conventional coagulants like alum.
• Reduced Dosage: PAC often requires lesser dosages than other coagulants, which results in financial savings.
• Improved Floc Settling: PAC normally generates denser flocs that settle more quickly, increasing the effectiveness of sedimentation operations.
• Lower Residual Aluminium: In comparison to alum, PAC are able to, under ideal circumstances, lead to reduced residual aluminium levels in treated water.

Applications of PAC:

• Drinking Water Treatment: To create drinkable water from raw water sources, PAC filters out impurities such as colour and turbidity.
• Wastewater Treatment: PAC removes organic material, suspended particles, and heavy metals from municipal and industrial wastewater.
• Paper Manufacturing: PAC serves to enhance the quality of paper and as a sizing agent.
• Cosmetics and Personal Care: Some types of PAC are present in antiperspirants.

Benefits of Using PAC:

• Improved Water Clarity: PAC removes turbidity and suspended particles, greatly improving the purity of the water.
• Cost-Effective: Enhanced treatment effectiveness and reduced dosages lead to financial savings.
• Reduced Sludge Volume: PAC frequently results in less sludge than other coagulants, which lowers disposal expenses.
• Effective in Cold Water: Even in cold water, PAC continues to perform well.

Manufacturing of PAC:

PAC frequently forms when hydrochloric acid reacts with aluminium metal or hydroxide. The reaction conditions are carefully regulated to ensure that the finished product has the right characteristics and basicity.

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