AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

Ammonium Chloride (NH₄Cl) is an inorganic chemical compound that is the most common naturally occurring in mineralogical form. It is a urinary acidifying salt of ammonia and a systematic salt. It has its wide applications in commercial side. It has ammonium as a counter ion and chloride compound. It has a primary hazard as a threat posed to the environment. It is also called a Sal ammoniac.

Uses of Ammonium Chloride

• It has main applications in medicines to prevent urine stones in sheep, goats, and cattle.
• It serves as a nitrogen source in fertilizers.
• It is utilized as a yeast nutrient in bread making.
• To create low temperatures, it is used in cooling baths.
• It works as an acidifier.
• It is used in glue to bind wood.
• It is used in electroplating, and electrorefining zinc.
• It is used as a flux to galvanize metals.

Preparation

It is prepared as a by-product in the Solvay process for the production of sodium carbonate. It occurs in certain volcanic areas. Industrially, it is produced by reacting the ammonia with gaseous hydrogen chloride.

Chemical Properties

(NH4Cl) exhibits several chemical properties due to its composition. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. One key property is its ability to undergo decomposition when heated, producing ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) gases. This reaction is endothermic, absorbing heat from the surroundings. Another notable property is its behavior as an acid when dissolved in water, leading to the formation of ammonium ions (NH4+) and chloride ions (Cl-) through ionization. Additionally, ammonium chloride can act as a flux in certain chemical processes, facilitating the removal of impurities during metal refining or soldering. Its acidic nature also makes it useful in various industrial applications, such as in the production of dry cell batteries and as a nitrogen source in fertilizers.

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